If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Ethnography generic, no an or the article is the academic art of collecting cultural data about particular cultures, generally through the process of fieldwork, which to an anthropologist usually means living with, or among, the members of. To gain a better understanding of what cultural anthropology is, one must understand ethnography and ethnology. The distinction between ethnography and ethnology and other. Ethnography can be briefly defined as the systematic study of people and cultures. Groups are typically studied in ethnography but individuals have been studied as well. Comparing the five approaches sage publications inc. The ethnographic approach can be used to identify and attempt to explain cross cultural variation in cultural elements such as marriage, religion, subsistence practices. There has been some confusion regarding the terms ethnography and ethnology. The differences are apparent in terms of emphasis e. As with any science, the ethnography of communication has two.
What is the impact of african american lesbians intersecting minority identities on their decision to come out. Arising here is a direct challenge to positivist ethnography where questions about the relationship between facts and values, and between researchers and practitioners hammersley, 1992, p. Journal of contemporary ethnography ethnographic research. Difference between ethnography and ethnology compare the. Ethnography deals with the procedures carried out in any society. I argue that to attribute ethnographicness to encounters with those among whom we carry on our research, or more generally to fieldwork, is to undermine both the ontological commitment and the educational purpose of anthropology as a discipline, and of its. It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnology deals with the origins and characteristics of individual ethnic groups with a focus on factors influencing cultural growth and change. January 21, 2014 rex the methods of ethnology is among the two most taught and anthologized essay by franz boas, the founder of american anthropology, and i include it here to give you a sense of who boas was and what he thought. The word ethnography comes from these two greek words. Dec 19, 2017 difference between ethnography and ethnology.
Ethnography a research method that attempts to understand the beliefs, practices, and behaviors of the culture of study from the perspective of those living within the culture ethnology. Difference between ethnology and anthropology compare the. Increasingly, however, the distinction between the two is coming to be seen as. A modern urban ethnography may, for instance, focus on surfers as a culture, or disco fans. What is the difference between ethnology and ethnography free download as word doc. Qualitative research critical ethnography guidelines. Despite this affinity, there are some differences between the two disciplines. Usually, the way of thinking and acting vary from one person to another as well as from one culture to another culture. Ethnography and ethnology show differences between them when it comes to their subject matter. In ethnology, the individual pays attention to the specific characteristics of a group of people such as an ethnic group in terms of social, cultural elements. Instead, we see that researchers are cutting new paths to reinscribing critique in ethnography. Ethnography principles in practice jyvaskylan yliopisto.
Afer completng your observatons, you will write an ethnographic report that includes an ethnology crosscultural comparison. Ethnography, a primary method used in the discipline of anthropology, is a systematic approach to understanding the beliefs, rituals, patterns, and institutions that define a culture. Ethnology, ethnography, archaeology, anthropology, and folklore. It was pioneered in the field of sociocultural anthropology but has also become a popular method in various other fields of social sciences. Culturein collectives of differing magnitude, whether educational institutions, student communities, classrooms, or activity groupsis treated as heterogeneous, conflictual, negotiated, and evolving, as distinct from unified. The other within team felt that between 1884 and 2009 museum staff a. A science of methods 1 ethnology, ethnography, anthropology and other disciplines alison petch, researcher the other within project. It can be useful in personal adaptation, personal success, and to better understand other cultures. The differences between phenomenological and ethnographic research are numerous. In particular, the debates have highlighted issues concerning the relationship between the researchers and their sub jects, as well as considerations about what can be known in the interview process. Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirely on fieldwork and requires the complete immersion of the anthropologist in the culture and everyday life of the people who are the subject of the study. Ethnography, in contrast, is best used to describe the study of the culture of a single tribe or society. Cultural anthropology ethnography vs ethnology cultural anthropology is the scientific study of cultures and how they are different or similar from each other all around the world.
December 19, 2017, giulia squadrin, leave a comment. Ethnography and ethnology are two smaller branches of anthropology and focus on slightly different aspects of the life and. Jim thomas, doing critical ethnography1993 we should not choose between critical theory and ethnography. Ethnology is the study of the characteristics of different people. As with any science, the ethnography of communication has two foci. What is the difference between ethnography and ethnology. Ethnography is one of the oldest qualitative methods, yet increasingly, researchers from various disciplines are using and adapting ethnography beyond its original intents. Ethnography is a result of ethnology that is another sociological study in which we try to understand the various reasons for why and how people in the past and the present differ from each other. The difference between ethnology and anthropology is. Ethnographic subjects are usually cultural groups, such as communities.
Ethnography developed internally to ethnology, a discipline which in the first half of the nineteenth century split from traditional anthropology, which was then dominated by physical and. Boas is famous for doing ethnography, not talking about it. The methods of ethnology by franz boas during the last ten years the methods of inquiry into the historical development of civilization have undergone remarkable changes. Ethnography is the description of cultures and the groups of people who live within them. Phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory prezi. Sam ladner, phdconsultant and principal slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. We demonstrate how online spaces influence everyday social life, and then discuss multisited ethnography and the process of adopting innovative ideas, such as including digital data collection, as an ethnographic tool. Introducton, methodology, data presentaton and analysis, ethnology, conclusion. Doing sensory ethnography 1 situating sensory ethnography. This chapter discusses archaeology, ethnohistory, and ethnology. Critical ethnography theory and method critical ethnography is conventional ethnography with a political purpose. Cultural anthropology ethnography vs ethnology alexsablan. Ethnography is a field of anthropological research based on direct observation of and reporting on a peoples way of life.
Grounded theory and ethnography are two research methodologies which use observation as data collection tool. Difference between anthropology and ethnography compare. The distinction between ethnography and ethnology and. A prime example of using ethnography for success is in us foreign relations, particularly where the work of anthropologist ruth benedict was used in. Ethnology is the comparative study of two or more cultures. Organize your ethnography using the following subheadings. As such, ethnography is the core method of cultural anthropology. The distinction between ethnography and ethnology and other issues in cognitive structuralism. It is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group. Cultural anthropology is the scientific study of cultures and how they are different or similar from each other all around the world. The difference between ethnology and social anthropology. From academia to intervention book is not to argue for a single model of sensory ethnography.
Thus, the distinction between ethnography and ethnology in terms of this discourse is frequently phrased as an eticemic distinction see pike 1954 for its original use. Anthropology is not ethnography tim ingold fellow of the academy acceptable generalisation and unacceptable history the objective of anthropology, i believe, is to seek a generous, comparative but nevertheless critical understanding of human being and knowing in the one world we all inhabit. In particular, a form of ethnography known as focused ethnography. Ethnography, emerging from anthropology, and adopted by sociologists, is a. What is the difference between ethnology and ethnography scribd. The main difference between ethnography and ethnology is that the ethnography is a qualitative research design aimed at exploring cultural phenomena and ethnology is a social science that deals with ethnies peoples. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The difference between ethnology and social anthropology essay. An ethnologist involves himself in a comparative study of the human tribes, whereas, an ethnographer does not go deep into the comparative. Ethnography from greek word ethnos folkpeople and grapho to write is a qualitative research method aimed to learn and understand cultural phenomena which reflect the knowledge and system of meanings guiding the life of a cultural group agar 1996. They are the two minor branches of anthropology or the study of the history of man. Finally, the article assesses the engagement between ethnography and critical urban theory and argues in favour of grounding the latter better in the analysis of actual practices and.
Ethnology is a branch within cultural anthropology. Ethnography has become a term so overused, both in anthropology and in contingent disciplines, that it has lost much of its meaning. Since cultural phenomena can seldom be studied under conditions of experiment or control, comparative data from the total range of human behavior helps the ethnologist to avoid those assumptions about human nature that may be implicit in the. Pdf ethnography is the investigation and description of cultures and societies through fieldwork. For hammersley, the problem of relevance brings into focus the relationship between contemporary ethnography and other forms of social practice. Ethnology, ethnography, archaeology, anthropology, and. Ethnology utilizes the data taken from ethnographic research and applies it to a single cross cultural topic. Examples how do you your view of 911 differs compared to someone 10 years older than you. Principles in practice as will become clear later, for us ethnography or participant observation, a cognate term is simply one social research, methqd, albeit a somewhat unusual one, dratwion a wick range of sources of information. This, of course, means being clear about the definition and purpose of the discipline of anthropology. Oct 22, 2012 ethnography began as a study to learn about human nature, social affiliation, and the conduct of daily life mariampolski, 2006.
Michael burawoy defines ethnography as the study of people in their own time and space, in their own everyday lives burawoy et al. These pages are a discussion of what individuals connected with the pitt rivers museum, university of oxford, believed these disciplines to involve and what links there were between them. Ethnography is often referred to as culture writing, and it refers to a type of documentation. Anthropology began not as ethnography but as ethnology the project of. Phenomenological research seeks to understand the subjective, lived experiences and perspectives of participants.
During the second half of the last century evolutionary thought held almost complete sway and investigators like spencer, morgan, tylor, lubbock, to mention. Rather, i understand sensory ethnography as a developing field of practice. So, an anthropologist who decides to spend an entire career on an indepth study of a tribal group in the amazon rain forest is, in effect, narrowing. Ethnography, descriptive study of a particular human society or the process of making such a study. In contextanthropologylangen terms the difference between ethnography and ethnology is that ethnography is anthropology the branch of anthropology that scientifically describes specific human cultures and societies while ethnology is anthropology the branch of anthropology that studies and compares. Instead, we see that researchers are cutting new paths to. The latter, a term more widely used in europe, encompasses the analytical and comparative study of cultures in general, which in american usage is the academic field known as cultural anthropology in british usage, social anthropology. As the definitions discussed above indicate, a set of existing methods is already. Difference between ethnology and anthropology compare. He argues that ethnographers must study people in their natural habitat to understand the fissures between practices and dis. Anthropology contra ethnography the university of aberdeen.
There is a recursive relationship between the formal and informal organizational structure and rules in which its formal character is seen to be the result of the ad hoc negotiation processes and practical reasoning of its workers. At the data analysis stage, the differences are most pronounced. The methods of ethnology is among the two most taught and anthologized essay by franz boas, the founder of american anthropology, and i include it here to give you a sense of who boas was and what he thought. Ethnography and critical ethnography in particular adopts a complex theoretical orientation toward culture. Ethnography is a form of qualitative research that is subjectcentered and a way to understand subjects on their own terms. For example, goodenough in his 1964a discussion uses this linguistic model to explicate the distinction between ethnography and comparative studies. Anthropology of 1841 whose multiple editions were required. The similarity or close relationship between ethnology and social anthropology is simple. A methodological adaptation for social research in emerging contexts. However, there are differences in the focus of observation in these two methodologies. A foreshadowing research problem pertaining to my area of interest could be. Classic ethnography was conducted by etic researchers in previously unexplored remote geographies of the globe with the aim of using knowledge of isolated. Both, ethnography and ethnology, are natural sciences. What is the difference between ethnology and ethnography.
The terms ethnography and ethnology refer to two natural sciences disciplines that focus on the study of the history of man. In fact, ethnography studies procedures and ceremonies carried out in various societies both existing and ancient while ethnology focuses on. Ethnographic subjects are usually cultural groups, such as communities, tribes, or dialect groups. In your groups, come up with a grounded theory using the information we shared about september 11, 2001 three types of stages of data analysis types data collection, analysis, and report. Classic ethnography was conducted by etic researchers in previously unexplored remote geographies. Anthropologists aim to describe and interpret aspects of the culture of various social groupse. The objective of this paper is to discuss the differences between the focus of observation in grounded theory and ethnography. It will be of interest to academics and students across the social sciences but is particularly directed towards novice researchers. Ethnology difference between ethnography and ethnology.